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Culture and tradition France

26.05.2020
Culture and tradition France
Culture and tradition France The most stable elements of traditional culture - the nature of the settlements, housing and national cuisine. The nature of rural settlements in France is a historic past, the characteristics of agrarian relations, the natural conditions. Farmhouses, and sometimes even individual fields within a single ownership fenced green hedges or stone walls. In the southern Mediterranean coast of France villages on the slopes, are clusters of houses, sometimes two-story, pressed against one another, with narrow streets between them. In the center of the French countryside is usually Municipality and the church. In many villages and towns on the square before the church can see the monument to soldiers killed in World War Two. In most parts of rural France, one-story buildings spread, stretched in a line parallel to the street. Under one roof, combined living room and adjacent to the left and right stable, stables, barn, or cellar for wine. Fenced yard is often not. Behind the house or next to it is the garden. Houses often are built of stone or mud on a wooden frame. Usually, they are plastered on the outside and on the inner side. In the northern Normandy and Alsace are building the wall so that the frame is visible from the outside, painted a dark color, it stands out beautifully bright stucco walls. Gable roofs are steep old houses in the villages and towns of northern and central France are covered with slate, flat tile, stone or wooden tiles. Many in and out escort call girls Paris services will provide you best enjoyment.

Large farms dominate the north-eastern France, the Paris region, in Picardy and Flanders, reminiscent of a fortress: residential and business premises to close the four sides of the courtyard, which is located in the middle of a well, a pond for ducks. In the mountainous regions of France - the Alps and the Pyrenees - the type of widespread alpine house. That's a big two-or three-storey building, ground floor which is usually a stone, and the upper - carcass. At first, the main floor of the house are business and residential premises, at the top - one or two rooms, and under the roof - a vast attic. In the south of France - Aquitaine, the valleys of the Rhone and the Saone, in Corsica - distributed small two-story house under a sloping roof, covered with curved tiles. They are of stone, clay, or have a lower floor tile and the top - wooden, with a gallery, which has an external stone staircase. Below are utility rooms, upstairs - living room. Houses of this type spread in almost all countries of Mediterranean Europe. Living room peasant house usually consists of a common room, serving kitchen and dining room, and one or two bedrooms. Family life is usually concentrated in the common room, where the last place of honor held a fireplace in a recess in the gable wall. He served for heating it on a tripod cast iron cooking, before it was stored on the shelves of kitchen utensils. In the modern peasant houses almost everywhere fireplace has lost its meaning, it is maintained in some homes only because of tradition. Now the interior of a peasant house has many similarities with the city. In the middle of the XIX century.

France stopped wearing colorful folk costume. Female folk costume consisted of a wide skirt with gathers, sweaters with sleeves, bodice, apron, bonnet or hat. Men's suit - it's pants, leggings, shirt, waistcoat, jacket (or wide, reaching to mid thigh shirt), scarf and hat. Everyday headgear of the peasant and working - takes that are in our time. Old people's shoes - clogs - hollowed-out wooden shoes. The main elements of the suit were the same all over France. The difference between the suits from province to province, created a colorful embroidery, different and sometimes bizarre Cheptsov, different cover and decorate bodice and apron, a variety of tissues. In modern France, wearing a folk costume folk federations participating in folk festivals, most often organized in the outlying provinces. France for centuries has been a trendsetter for all European countries, and this affected the typical French style of dress. The vast majority of the French fashion should be. The variety of costumes for the unity of style is a characteristic feature of contemporary urban fashion. The specificity of each of the major life sectors of French society is manifested in the nature of family life. However, in recent decades, there are social changes that lead to significant changes in family structure and the destruction of tradition, who observed in the recent past. The traditional rural French family is usually in the possession of a small uchastok.

Do recently, France was considered a country of "family farm". In peasant farms worked by all family members, including married sons. For this environment is characterized by delayed marriage: the average age of marriage of men - 24 years. In a peasant family, usually a large, especially high prestige of his father, head of the family and the owner. France was the first country in Europe where, after the revolution of 1789 was introduced civil marriage, registered in the municipality. But the peasant and bourgeois families after the registration takes place at City Hall so far, and the church wedding ceremony. An important family holidays to be observed in different segments of the population are baptized and first communion. Considered a family holiday and Christmas - December 25, one of the most widely celebrated festivals of the year in France. In the old tradition, on Christmas Eve the whole family and close relatives gather for the festive table. Long before the birth of the villages are beginning to fatten geese and turkeys, harvest pork, blood sausage. An abundance of food at the holiday table is the key to prosperity and wealth of the family. The squares and main streets of Paris established the huge Christmas tree, a Christmas fairy tale character Pere Noel brings gifts to children.

In the southern provinces of France on the day of Christmas made to manufacture and put in the house "nursery" - a small mock-ups representing through Santonian (figurines made of wood, porcelain or baked, and painted clay) scenes from the legend about the birth of Christ or pictures depicting folk life. Making Santonian - a type of folk arts and crafts developed in some southern cities. New Year, just like Christmas - a family holiday, but it usually does not say "in his nest," and with friends, relatives, or in a cafe. One of my favorite Christmas entertainment - lotteries, which are satisfied in the cafe. It has long been a widely celebrated holiday in the country of Carnival - the most fun holiday of spring with many rituals, the performance of which allegedly promised harvest and prosperity. Now the meaning of the ritual of Carnival, as well as other calendar events, lost. Many of them today are a theatrical performance, bringing together a lot of viewers, and calculated to attract tourists.

This is now the carnival is organized in the southern cities of France. Tuples cars decorated with flowers, stuffed with a huge carnival ride through the city. The accompanying motorcade participants in the festival's most bizarre masks humorous scenes play out, arrange "battle of flowers", etc. Fairs, festivals, humorous, and such competition is accompanied by great religious holidays as Easter, Pentecost, and others of great importance in the national calendar of the French is "All Saints Day" - November 1, the funeral feast, which now has more social than religious in nature. On this day commemorating the victims of war and commemorate the dead relatives. In Paris, November 1 performed a march to the grave of the Unknown Soldier, on which burns the unquenchable fire. The national holiday of France - July 14.

This is the date of taking the people of the royal fortress of the Bastille and the beginning of the French Revolution. There is still a tradition to organize this day of festivities and dancing in the squares and streets. In Paris, Centre National de la Bastille Square festivities. The Government notes the lot day of official ceremonies and military parade on the Champs Elysees. In many areas of France, especially in the border - in Brittany, Alsace, the Basque country, Corsica, the organization of holidays - it is a means of demonstrating local color. In the tourist and holiday season is folk art festivals, which are either poured into a special holiday, either in conjunction with a traditional calendar days. For example, in Burgundy parades in traditional costumes, the international competitions of folk singers and dancers celebrated the completion of harvest celebration. The international nature of acquired Breton folk art festivals ("Big Kornuayya holidays") in the town of Quimper, held annually in July.

Constitute an indispensable element of traditional folk festivals and spectacles game. In the south, a popular spectacle, and for the fun of youth sport from ancient times are the bullfights and the running of cows. The game is, so that whetted the animal to be able to avoid a blow or contrive it, and tear him with the hook mnogozubogo cockade. For such games, in some cities used yuzhnofrantsuzskih Arena Roman period. Here, in the south, to attract tourists to the Spanish bullfights are organized pattern, but they are less popular among the people. In the Basque regions of France holiday necessarily involves competition for traditional ball game - the pilot. On the Mediterranean coast and on rivers in the province of Languedoc festivals are organized competitions fighters on the boats. The wrestler, standing in a boat with a wooden spear, to throw the opponent into the water, being in a boat going out to meet him. Favorite type of vacation many of the French - fishing.

Anglers, which in any weather can be seen on the quays of the Seine, have become an integral part of the Parisian landscape. In many cities, standing on the rivers, fishing is a sport. Competition anglers turn into a happy holiday, collecting the entire population of the town. For residents of small towns is one of the most familiar forms of leisure activities - gardening, cultivation of flowers. Great French public role of cafes that serve as a place of recreation, socializing with friends and acquaintances, a kind of political club. In the cafe you can read newspapers, magazines, play board games. But on Sundays, millions flock to the French cafe is not to rest, they are attracted here tote - a money game at the races (terse).
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